An Overview of Chhau Dance
By Carolina Prada
(Disciple of Guru Janmejoy Sai Babu)
Chhau is a distinctive dance tradition from eastern India that blends martial, tribal, folk, and classical elements. Rooted in the regions of Odisha, Jharkhand, and West Bengal, it evolved over 200 years ago under royal patronage and ritual practice. There are three principal styles—Seraikela, Mayurbhanj, and Purulia—named after the regions of their origin. While they differ in aesthetics, movement, and costume, all share foundations in martial training, religious ritual, and dramatic storytelling.
Masks are key visual identifiers of the styles: elaborate and expressive in Purulia, stylized and symbolic in Seraikela, and entirely absent in Mayurbhanj, which focuses on facial expressiveness and full-body movement. Mayurbhanj Chhau, my area of specialization, emphasizes martial technique, fluid transitions, and heroic narrative (veer rasa), drawing upon epic tales like the Ramayana and Mahabharata.
Historically, Chhau was closely tied to warrior training and ritual, particularly through the Paika militias and their combat exercises. Over time, it absorbed influences from temple rituals, seasonal festivals, and indigenous martial practices, developing a codified technique of walks (chali), movement units (ufli), and dramatic characterizations rooted in both tandava and lasya dynamics.
Today, Chhau exists in a liminal space—honored by UNESCO as an Intangible Cultural Heritage and recognized for its classical structure, yet still undergoing debates over its classification. While the urban staging of Chhau increasingly aligns with classical performance, rural contexts retain its folk identity. This dynamic makes the form rich, complex, and ever-evolving.
Though originally male-dominated, Chhau now sees increasing participation from women, despite cultural and physical challenges. As one of the few female soloists performing both male and female characters in Mayurbhanj Chhau, I hope to contribute to its preservation and evolution with integrity and dedication, guided by my Guru and my vision for this powerful art form.
Step into the rhythm of Chhau.
Experience a living tradition where martial movement and mythology come together. Classes welcome beginners and seasoned movers alike, online or in person.